Migratory birds in North America are an international resource, with numerous species breeding throughout the United States and Canada. In the fall of each year, these birds migrate south to winter in the USA, Mexico, and Central and South America.

Because these birds cross international borders, ultimate management authority lies with the federal governments in the respective countries. Migratory bird treaties with other countries govern the management of migratory birds in the US, distinguishing those species that can be hunted from those that can't and establishing limits on hunting-season dates and season lengths.

State and provincial agencies also can set additional regulations within the overall frameworks established by treaties and national regulations.